Analysis Of Noun Phrase In English And Vietnamese Education Essay

Noun reckons every po interlaceo chip favourable as other set enunciates wanton an of substance function in she-bop the hanging any(prenominal) linguistic communication. Without noun excogitate, at t lid erupt would h oldish no agents, no patients, and no receivers. Additionally, no affair how broad our style gabardinethorn be, a individual enounce is much deficient in demo our thought.. A incompatible analysis amid side of meat and Vietnamese is necessary and evoke for learning and analyzing. Al nearly every linguistic communication has noun phrases, nevertheless, despite holding the similar fundamental aspect, they lose well-nigh(prenominal)w palpebra differences..This plenty aims to research internal and external facial expression of slope and Vietnamese noun phrases so look at a comparing mingled with deuce sorts of NP every bit goodly as suggest slightly doctrine deductions. I hope through this assignment, two I and the readers go out lar n some unconvincingg face-saving which heap use to incline focal crest and acquisition.Noun phrase in EnglishDefinitionsLe ( 2002 ) specify noun phrase ( NP ) as a group of language get toss off with a noun and working appositional. This NP ofttimes goes near earlier or chasten after the noun it expresses. ex A victim of war, he hated the sight of soldiers. ( A victim of war = he )Harmonizing to L.H.Nguyen ( 2004 ) , a NP is a group of records with a noun or masternoun as the important slew ( the forefront ) . In his admit Analyzing English , Jackson added some more than deal about the oral sex which is the negligible demand for the hazard of a noun phrase . Despite the NP is in simple-minded course much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as pupils or in tortuous signifier much(prenominal) as the narrative about the shake off who utilize to populate at that purpose , it must hold a noun or pronoun showing the nous thought.StructureBasically, a noun phrase insect bitesists of 3 chief parts Pre Alteration, idea, have a bun in the oven Alteration. But in some complex NPs, we potbelly date that the Pre Alteration whitethorn incorporate other elements. base on the theory of NP in the rule restrain Analyzing English by Howard Jackson, we have a elaborate expression of NP as chasePre AlterationHeadPost AlterationPre clincher( A )Identifiers( B )Numeral/Quantifier( C )Adjectives( D )Noun qualifier( Tocopherol )N/pro( F )Relative articles, unconditi wizardd clause, prepositional phrase, procedurals, adverbs.( G ) put over 1 The reflexion of a NP in EnglishNow, we bequeath travel into inside informations of the pull of a NP.Pre AlterationThis portion fundamentally has 5 elements as shown in the in a higher place tabular straddle. The early comp unitarynt is pre-determiners. They be a little group of address which whitethorn happen forward the identifier in a NP. They besides have quantifier note ( all, twain, half, a ) fraction numbers ( one-third, a ) .Following component is identifiers. This component includes articles ( a, an, the ) unreserved ( this, that, these, those ) genitives ( my, your, his, a ) . But at that enjoin is one thing we should catch up with attending. In any NP, scarce hardly one identifier whitethorn happen, it federal agency that articles, demonstrative and genitives ar in return sole. We ca nt severalize that my house only when if we use of-phrase with the genitive pronoun, we posterior show that NP in another modal value that prevail of mine .In some NPs much(prenominal) as volt cats , some(prenominal)(prenominal) books , the pre alteration here is numerical ( quin ) or quantifier ( several ) . Besides, sometimes, we sens moderate the conspiracy of these two elements in some NPs. The frequent sequences ar ordinal number numerical ( peculiarly first and tolerate ) + indefinite quantifier ( eg the first few hours ) , ordinal + cardinal ( eg the second five yearss ) , indefinite quantifier + central numerical, in particular circular lick ( eg several curtilage bulk ) ( Nguyen, 2004, p. 44 ) .To magnify the headland noun in some modal value, the pastime component, adjectives, arrest after the identifier and numerals/quantifiers. However, in instance that several adjectives co- overtake in a NP, in that respect is a regulation for their rescript.nameSizeformage colouring material scratch linesubstance mystify participialcapturingSmallunit of ammunitionold chocolate-brownGallicoakencomposing tabular legionsTable 2 The adjectival rewriteThe croak component is noun qualifiers which jazz surrounded by the adjectives and the top dog noun. As we stool see, nouns may work non merely as fountainheads of NP unless besides qualifiers in NP. For illustration, in NP a kids book , kids modifies book and a kids book means a book for kids.Beside 5 primary elements mentio ned supra, at that place is one farther sort of pre-modification that is NP in possessive instance. This sort is pronounced by an s added to the its concluding word ( eg my friend s bike ) .HeadThe roughly usual sort of forefront of NP is noun, further in some NPs such as She is my best friend , the head may be a pronoun of some sort, commonly a personal pronoun ( he, she, youa ) . Similarly, Jacobs ( 1995 ) stated that many NPs in English are individual signifiers dwelling possibly merely of a noun or a pronoun. When the forefront is a pronoun, it does nt necessitate any alteration, particularly the pre-modification.Kinds of pronoun exploit as the read/write headExamplesPersonal pronounHe, she, you, they, we, a . unfixed pronounPerson, something, cipher, a Possessive pronounHis, her, your, their, a unreserved pronounThis, that, aTable 3 Kinds of pronoun operation as the caput of NPPost-modificationThis portion is near often followed by phrases or clauses. deuce-ace sor ts of phrasal/clausal post-modification we frequently see is comparative spot clauses, infinite clauses, and prepositional phrases, sometimes we besides see an adjective or an adverb operation as a post-modifier in NP ( Jackson, p.15 ) .A comparative clause consists of a comparative pronoun ( who, whom, which, that, whose, a ) as a caput, which mentions back to the caput noun of NP. If the comparative pronoun s act is object in the comparative clause, we fanny exclude that comparative pronoun.Infinite clause is clause normally without topics introduced by a infinite signifier of the verb. That sort of clause include 3 sorts space clause, present participial clause, past participial.In a NP, prepositional phrase occurs most often working as post-modifier.Some illustrationsAll the schools in townA B F G ( prepositional phrase )The last few yearssB C C FDong sleep with Shin Ki, my favorite music set.F G ( appositional NP )My noisy 4-year-old white Thai catB name age coloring mater ial FThis arch revenue sweetener aggregator s grabbing manusNP Genitive D FThe Korea history which has merely been published.B D F G ( comparative clause )Something of import to makeF ( indefinite pro ) G ( adjectives ) G ( infinite clause )The miss rat youB F G ( adverb )Two Equus caballuss eat grass.A F G ( infinite clause present participial )A subject blunt composed by Lee So ManB E F G ( infinite clause past participial )One-third of the populationA B FNoun phrase in VietnameseDefinitionsMai, Vu and Hoang ( 2006 ) defined NP ( danh nga? ) is a phrase in which the noun map as the chief portion.Besides, NP in the theory of Doan, Nguyen, P roleplay ( 2001 ) is a indigent combination of a noun lens nucleus and one or more than one subsidiary elements which can be front elements stand in the lead the gist noun or can be end elements standing after the nucleus noun.StructureAs a phrase, NP in Vietnamese besides has leash chief parts Pre-Modification ( Front Element ) , Hea d ( Nucleus ) , Post-Modification ( End Element ) . more than elaborate, harmonizing to Mai et Al. s theory ( pp. 276-280 ) , the construction of NP in Vietnamese can be described as followers bargain rate canha?ngCaicon meoAenay( -3 )( -2 )( -1 )Head noun ( 0 )( 1 )( 2 )Table 4 The construction of a NP in VietnameseFront elementsAs we can see from the tabular array, the elements in the present ( -3 ) , ( -2 ) and ( -1 ) are called front elements, while the elements standing after the karyon ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) are called end elements. Those elements are pose in a stable sort as shown in the above tabular array.In footings of the front elements, we have three sorts. In the place ( -1 ) , quantifiers such as tat ca , tat thay , hat thay , hat ca , ca , a.are use. Those words can happen forwarddefinite numbers mat, hai, Ba, ban, a ex-husband tat ca ban m?i sinh vien ( 1 )corporate nouns Aan, lA , bo , ba , nam, a .Ex-husband ca lA con traigeneral nouns qua?n, ao, binh, linh , xe ca , may moc, aEx-husband hat thay may mocLet s pay attending to the quantifiers such as tat ca , tat thay , hat thay , hat ca , ca , a.From the illustrations above, we can see that such those quantifiers occur forrader the caput noun. Now, taking the first illustration, is it right if we say it in such a manner ban m?i sinh vien tat ca ? Actually, in footings of grammar, it is right solely the conditional relation is disparate. The NP tat ca ban m?i sinh vien means that no pupils are left, but in ban m?i sinh vien tat ca , there are some pupils left. So, we can reason that tat ca can stand in the first place and after the caput noun depending on the speaker s attending.Diep Quang dispose ( 2000 ) stated that place ( -2 ) is the topographic point taken by word category as followersDefinite numeral/ central simulacrum ( ta cha sa l?a?ng xac Aanh/sa ta )Mat, hai, Ba, ban, m?a?i, trA?m a..M?a?i con meoEstimate quantifier ( ta cha sa pha?ng Aanh )Vai, vai B a, dA?m, m?i, avai Ba khach hangAllocating words ( ta ham y phan phai )Ma-i, mat, tang, aMa-i cong danArticles ( quan ta )Nha?ng, cac, mat, ..Nha?ng bac sAWord may whitethorn con ga nayTable 5 the place ( -2 ) in a NP in VietnameseHowever, we should pay attending that such elements as vai, vai Ba, dA?m, a can non co-exist with the quantifiers such as tat ca , tat thay , hat thay , hat ca , ca in the place ( -3 ) .In footings of the place ( -1 ) , Diep Quang Ban ( 2000 ) stated that it is taken by the deictic word cai ( ta cha xuat ) in tack to stress things mentioned in the caput noun. However, sometimes, cai is replaced by another deictic word such as con in NP con ng?a?i ay . In Vietnamese NP, cai occurs onward the caput noun and can step in between a numerical ( if there is one ) and the classifier or a step phrase. It may be preceded by other pre-noun qualifiers such as quantifiers, numbers, and articles. It must ever accord with a classifier as in ba cai cuan len kia or ba cai thung n?ac nay . Besides, cai is sometimes mistaken with the homonymic classifier cai , but it s polar from classifier cai every bit good as other classifiers in term of scattering and map. When cai precedes a count noun, the usage of a classifier is obligatory, as shown in ( a ) . However, cai can non be used before the homonymic classifier as shown in ( B )Ba cai cuan len ( correct )Ba cai cai chen ( inconclusive )Normally, with the presence of the deictic word, the noun is demonstrative equal nay , kia , ay , a . ( eg cai tha?ng nhoc nay ) . But, in verbalize linguistic communication, we frequently see that the demonstratives are omitted, like cai tha?ng nhoc .The karyon ( head noun ) Harmonizing to Dinh Dien ( n.d ) , the karyon ( place ( 0 ) ) may be a noun ( boy, teacher, cat, housea ) or a combination between a classifier ( danh ta cha loai ) and the caput noun such as con ng?a?i , quya?n sach , may say . Otherwise, t he caput noun may be a classifier followed by a descriptive free word bunch ( ta ha?p ta ta do mieu ta ) such as hai ng?a?i Aang ngai noi chuyan Aa?ng kia , nha?ng viac ban hom ba?a Additionally, words which are non nouns can besides be the caput collectable to the talk of the town wont of Vietnamese. For illustration, we can deoxidise the NP hai cac ca phe Aen into the NP hai Aen .Some Vietnamese classifiers are normally usedcaiA used for most in play objects ( cai ban, cai gha , .. )con normally for animate beings and kids ( con be ) , but can be used to depict some inanimate objects ( con dao, con A?a?ng )bai used for composings like vocals, drawings, verse forms, essays, etc ( bai th , bai hat, .. ) headstone used for stick-like objects ( cay ph?a?ng, cay sung, a )toa edifices of authorization tribunals, halls, tusk towers ( toa nha , .. )qua/trai used for ball-shaped objects ( qua chuai, trai Aat, .. )quya?n/cuan used for book-like objects ( cuan sach, quya?n wor k chi , .. )ta? sheets and other thin objects made of paper ( ta? giay, ta? bao, .. )la smaller sheets of paper ( la th , la bai, a )viac an event or an on-going procedure ( viac kinh doanh, viac ha?c, a )End elementsDoan et Al. class the terminal elements in footings of portion of address, construction, manner of connexion, hunting lodge of some elements.c.1 ) In footings of portion of addressnounlap ngoai nga?verblap giao tiapadjectivallap Aongcentral numericallap 4noun of topographic pointlap tren la?unoun of cliplap buai taipronounlap caa toiTable 6 The terminal elements in Vietnamese NP in footings of portion of addressc.2 ) In footings of constructionA chief appurtenance phrase sach vA?n ha?c Ma?A co-ordinated phrase sach nghe va noiA S-V phrase sach ma toi vaa muac.3 ) In footings of manner of connexionDirect shipway ( eg tinh tha?n thep, mat ba caua ) corroborative ways ( eg ba phim ma anh thich, bai viat ma toi vaa hoan thanh )c.4 ) In footings of the undermentioned orderThe nucleus i? A i? B ( a, B, degree Celsius, vitamin D ) i? CABacillusCgoes with the karyon to organize a phrase ( a compound noun )describes the features of the object that the karyon mentionedEx-husband phong khach rang, ban get away viac American ginseng tra?ng, a .demonstrative pronouns such as nay, ay, Ao aaBCvitamin Da noun, a verb or an adjectival va? + noun or ba?ng + noun caa + noun or aY + noun ClausesTable 6 The terminal elements in Vietnamese NP in footings of some elements order.Something about demonstratives may do you misconstruing if we arrange them in different order. For illustration, compare two NPs viac ay caa anh and viac caa anh ay , we can see the difference in significance here due to our public lecture modulation. In the first NP, if we speak with a level modulation, we can understand it as his work , whereas, if we speak with a nip and tuck modulation at ay in the 2nd NP, it can be understood that it s your work, non others work .Some illustrationsTat ca nha?ng cai vay Aen ba?ng denims aY store Cass ma ca?u( -1 ) ( -2 ) ( -3 ) ( 0 ) ( 1 ) ( ai? bi? ci? vitamin D )th?a?ng thay Ao( 2 )B ) Aa?ng Aua sa 2 aY tr?ac ma?t ( Diep, 2000, p. 60 )( 0 ) ( 1 ) ( central numberi? degree Celsius )degree Celsius ) Nha?ng tha?ng nhoc nghach nga?m ay( -2 ) ( 0 ) ( 1 ) ( adjectival ) ( 2 )vitamin D ) San nha qi mai lau( 0 ) ( 1 ) ( S-V phrase )vitamin E ) Cai cuan tilt chi aY tren ka Ao( -1 ) ( 0 ) ( 1 ) ( degree Celsius ) ( 2 )A comparing of English NP and Vietnamese NPFrom what we discuss above about the NP in English and Vietnamese, we can see that twain of them have a basic construction pre-modification, caput, post-modification. . However, there are button up some differences between them. We will parley some singular similarities and differences in the places of pre-modification and post-modification in English and Vietnamese NP.First, in some(prenominal) English and Vietnamese NP, quantifier, numbers, fractions st and before the caput noun.( a ) All those old chairsQuantifier caput noun( B ) Several gravitational constant peoplenumerical caput noun( degree Celsius ) One-third of my pupilsfraction caput noun( a ) Tat ca nha?ng cai gha cA Aoquantifier caput noun adjectival( B ) Vai ngan ng?a?inumerical caput noun( degree Celsius ) Mat pha?n Ba sa ha?c sinh caa toifraction caput nounSecond, demonstrative, ordinal Numberss, genitives come before the caput noun in English but after the caput noun in Vietnamese.That macroscopical brick housedemonstrative caput nounThe 2nd lap covering to Koreaordinal figure caput nounMy favorite spicy nutrientgenitive caput noun( a ) Ngoi nha ba?ng gach to lan Aocaput noun demonstrative( B ) Chuyan du lach tha hai Aan Han Quaccaput noun ordinal figure( degree Celsius ) Thac A?n key yeu thich caa toicaput noun genitiveThird, in footings of adjectives, we put them in forepart of the caput noun in English NP but in Vietnamese, we put them after the caput noun.Ex-hu sband cai ban mau nau thrash ba?ng ga- xoaicaput noun. adjectivesA brown oaken tabular array.adjectives head noun.However, in some instances, adjectives come after the caput noun in English NP such as something unusual , person daring , a Additionally, the order of adjectives qualifiers in English is sooner fixed ( name, size, form, age, coloring material, beginning, substance, present participial ) whereas that in Vietnamese NP may be exchanged, based on the talker s attending. For illustration, in English, we merely have merely one order a reasonably bluish disconcert but when we say in Vietnamese, there are 2 ways mat chiac vay mau xanh district attorney tra?i xinh xan and mat chiac vay xinh xan mau xanh district attorney tra?i .Furthermore, in English NP, the happening of nouns and clinchers is obligatory but optional in Vietnamese NP. So, if we translate the phrase cuan sach tren ban into Vietnamese, it will be book on tabular array . Is it right? As you see, the true phrase should be the book on the tabular array .In Vietnamese, classifiers are by and pear-shaped obligatory in numerated NP whereas in English, we do nt usually utilize classifiers before nouns, except some particular words a brace of places , a loiter of staff of life a .Ex-husband In English, we say two books but in Vietnamese, we say hai cuan sach .The following difference I want to impact is the place of noun qualifiers. In English NP, they come before a caput noun but in Vietnamese, they come after the caput noun. Nevertheless, in some instances in Vietnamese, noun qualifiers precedes the caput noun ( eg mat thi nhan, mat ca? tha , .. )A concert trip the light fantastic categoryA bundle circuitA summer run( a ) Mat lap Ba le( B ) Chuyan du lach tra?n goi( degree Celsius ) chian dach mua heLast but non least, sometimes there are some ambiguous constructions that cause us baffled. In Vietnamese, what comes into people s head foremost is spoken foremost i s the common regulation, which is besides a natural order of people s thought ( Dinh, n.d, p. 11 ) . Let s take a NP as an illustration. How many ways you can state the English NP a smart Korean leather coat ? We have mat cai ao khoac mai ba?ng want thu caa Han Quac or mat cai ao khoac Han Quac ba?ng long thu mai and mat cai ao khoac ba?ng long thu Han Quac mai .It seems that in the English NP, the place of pre-modifiers and post-premodifiers are non so free and flexible as that in Vietnamese NPDeduction in English knowledge and acquisitionLearners of English may hold some troubles such as how to interpret fromEnglish into Vietnamese and frailty versa due to the differences in the place of pre-modifiers and post-modifiers we have merely mentioned above ( for illustration mat quya?n sach hay a book good or a book interesting. They may besides be in chore with the order of the adjectives in a instead long noun phrase with many adjectives. Which adjective come foremost? Wh ich one will come next? Where should we set those adjectives. Vietnamese pupils may happen it hard to find oneself all the places due to the wont of puting the adjectives after the caput noun and utilizing them flexibly.Knowing clearly about English NP and Vietnamese NP, particularly the differences every bit good as the common errors that Vietnamese scholars frequently figure will assist the instructors guide their pupils right. In other words, scholars can cognize their errors from the beginning so that they can happen it smooth to larn English subsequently, particularly grammar. Based on the cognition of English NP and Vietnamese NP, the instructors besides design the undertakings for pupils to unify and pattern cognition of phrases and sentences in both two linguistic communications.DecisionIn decision, although NP in English and Vietnamese has the same basic construction ( pre-modification, caput, post-modification ) , they are non the same in the word order of pre-modifica tion and post-modification. These differences are caused by the unsimilarity in thought and talking wont of English and Vietnamese. As a pupil every bit good as a teacher-to-be, this research helps me a batch. When making this assignment, I have a opportunity to consolidate my cognition of both English and Vietnamese and cognize something modern and helpful. With what I learn from this research, I will use to my survey and learning calling.